The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment CASE STUDIES

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The Nordic syllabi and the Common European Framework of Reference

Foreword to the Special Issue “The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) for English Language Assessment in China” of Language Testing in Asia

Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Background The need within language testing and assessment for specifications of test content, methods and constructs has long been recognised and accepted. In education more generally, statements of aims, objectives and curricular frameworks are also widely provided, a...

The grammar of future time reference in European languages

As the title suggests, this chapter is about the ways in which speakers of European languages talk about the future; more specifically, the grammatical devices that are used in doing so. At the centre of the investigation, we will necessarily find the things traditionally called future tenses. Since their theoretical status has been the object of considerable controversy, and since we want to b...

john steinbeck: friend of the american common man

in his last years of life americans had almost forgotton steinbeck, and those who had not, occasionally criticized him for supporting and praising the u. s. military intervention in the vietnam war. althought ateinbeck incorporates different themes into his works, each one bears many signs of his concern and sympathy for america and the american common people in particular. steinbecks to a god ...